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1.  Guide to gambling advertising codes
  Author:
  Source: Gambling Commission [UK]
  Description:
  The Gambling Act 2005 reforms virtually all of the previous restrictions on the advertising of gambling. The Gambling Commission has included an ordinary code provision within its Licence Conditions and Codes of Practice (LCCP) which requires licensees to comply with the advertising codes of practice that apply to the form and media in which they advertise their gambling facilities and services.

 
2.  Disordered Gambling Linked with Treatment for Parkinson Disease
  Author: Division on Addictions, Cambridge Health Alliance
  Source: The Wager
  Description:
  Patients being treated for Parkinson disease (PD) have been reported to have a disproportionately high prevalence of disordered gambling and other impulse control disorders (ICDs) such as compulsive shopping, binge-eating, and hypersexuality (e.g., Bostwick, Hecksel, Stevens, Bower, & Ahlskog, 2009; Evans, Strafella, Weintraub, & Stacy, 2009). The development of these disorders appears to be most associated with dopamine agonists, a type of medication commonly used to treat PD, but estimates of the effect have varied. This week’s WAGER reviews a large cross-sectional study designed to obtain more accurate data about ICD prevalence among those with PD and the association of ICDs with dopamine agonists (Weintraub et al., 2010).

 
3.  The association of at-risk, problem, and pathological gambling with substance use, depression, and arrest history
  Author: Momper, Sandra L.; Delva, Jorge; Grogan-Kaylor, Andrew
  Source: Journal of Gambling Issues
  Description:
  We examined at-risk, problem, or pathological gambling co-occurrence with frequency of past-year alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use; depressive symptoms; and arrest history. Data included the responses of over 3,000 individuals who participated in a 2006 telephone survey designed to understand the extent of at-risk, problem, and pathological gambling; comorbidity levels with substance use; mental health; and social problems among Southwestern U.S. residents. Data were analyzed with multinomial and bivariate logistic regression. Respondents at risk for problem gambling were more likely to use alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana than those respondents not at risk. Pathological gamblers were no more or less likely to consume alcohol or tobacco than were non-gamblers or those not at risk. A dose-response relationship existed between degree of gambling problems and depressive symptoms and arrest history. Interventions for at-risk or problem gamblers need to include substance use treatment, and the phenomenon of low levels of substance use among pathological gamblers needs further exploration.

 
4.  Time and money spent gambling and the relationship with quality-of-life measures: A national study of New Zealanders
  Author: Lin, En-Yi Judy; Casswell, Sally; Easton, Brian
  Source: Journal of Gambling Issues
  Description:
  This study provides quantitative measures of the impacts of gambling from a general population sample exposed to a range of gambling opportunities. New tools to assess the level of gambling participation and quality-of-life measures were used in a telephone survey with 7,010 adults in New Zealand. The findings show that people with higher gambling loss reported significantly poorer physical health, mental health, relationships, feelings about self, quality of life, satisfaction with life, living standards, and study performance. When respondents’ reports of quality of life in the various domains were analysed in relation to the time spent gambling in different modes, it was clear that time spent on electronic gaming machines provided the greatest risk for people's quality of life. This study estimated that 2.4% of the population had an inferior state of reported mental well-being as a result of gambling. The main contribution came from the playing of electronic gaming machines.

 
5.  Online crime and internet gambling
  Author: McMullan, John L.; Rege, Aunshul
  Source: Journal of Gambling Issues
  Description:
  The spread of Internet gambling has raised several issues concerning motivations to gamble, consumer behaviour online, problem gambling, security of Web sites, and fairness and integrity of the games. Rather surprisingly, however, there has been little in the way of research regarding online crime and Internet gambling even though it is an urgent priority. This article addresses this absence by investigating the types, techniques, and organizational dynamics of online crime at the portals of Internet gambling sites. Our approach is qualitative in nature and explores, using document analysis, the activities of cybernomads, dot.con teams, and criminal networks. We demonstrate that there are different levels of criminal organization, distinguished by their complexity of division of labour; coordination of roles; purposefulness of association between criminals; and ability to avoid, evade, or neutralize security systems and law enforcement. We conclude by arguing that conventional understandings of real-world gambling-related criminal relationships have been altered by the digital environment of the Internet.

 
6.  Experienced poker players differ from inexperienced poker players in estimation bias and decision bias
  Author: Linnet, Jakob; Gebauer, Line; Shaffer, Howard
  Source: Journal of Gambling Issues
  Description:
  This paper investigates the similarity or difference in cognitive bias on a poker task between experienced poker players (EPPs) and inexperienced poker players (IPPs). EPPs were compared with IPPs on probability estimation (estimation bias) and choice (decision bias). It was hypothesized that EPPs would have lower estimation bias and lower decision bias compared with IPPs, and that a player's level of experience could be identified from gambling behavior. Results indicate that EPPs significantly overestimated accepted gambles, but had significantly smaller estimation bias and decision bias compared with IPPs. All players could accurately be classified as “experienced” or “inexperienced” based on their estimation bias and decision bias. It is concluded that EPPs have significantly lower estimation bias and decision bias than do IPPs on the poker task presented in this research study. Despite significantly higher overestimation, EPPs make better decisions than IPPs. These findings are posited to have implications for the study of cognitive bias in pathological gambling and addiction.

 
7.  A Qualitative Perspective on Physical, Social and Cognitive Accessibility to Gambling
  Author: Hing, Nerilee; Nisbet, Sharen
  Source: Journal of Gambling Issues
  Description:
  A possible relationship exists between heightened accessibility to gambling and the development and maintenance of gambling problems amongst employees at gambling venues. This paper takes an interpretive approach to exploring how working in a gambling venue influences accessibility to gambling. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 40 hotel and club employees in Victoria, Australia. Data were analysed along three key dimensions of accessibility to gambling. In terms of physical accessibility, respondents generally felt shiftwork and split shifts heavily influence the times staff are likely to access gambling facilities. Aspects of social accessibility, including familiarity and comfort of gambling in the workplace, encouragement by other staff, and workplace cultures that do not deter staff gambling, were considered encouraging influences. Cognitive accessibility (or knowledge and understanding about gambling) was heightened by enhanced knowledge of gambling products and processes, greater knowledge of jackpot levels, a desire to know what competing venues are offering, and cognitive distortions around winning.

 
8.  The attractions and risks of Internet gambling for women: A qualitative study
  Author: Corney, Roslyn; Davis, Janette
  Source: Journal of Gambling Issues
  Description:
  In this qualitative study, 25 females were interviewed who gambled frequently on the Internet. This paper describes the women's views about the Internet as a place to gamble and the associated risks. Volunteers were recruited from a wide range of sources in the UK and included 16 problem gamblers and 9 frequent gamblers. The women identified a number of features of the Internet that made it easy to gamble, such as its accessibility from home, its anonymity, and its privacy. The Internet was seen as less of a male domain and a place where women could learn to gamble. Frequent gamblers saw Internet gambling as a fun and social activity. All women recognised that they were at risk of excessive Internet gambling, and frequent gamblers had developed strategies to reduce these risks. The paper concludes with some measures that could identify and support those at risk.

 
9.  Implicit measures of attitudes toward gambling: An exploratory study
  Author: Yi, Sunghwan; Kanetkar, Vinay
  Source: Journal of Gambling Issues
  Description:
  Gambling researchers have used self-report measures in order to assess gamblers’ attitudes toward gambling. Despite their efficiency, self-report measures of attitudes often suffer self-presentation and social desirability bias when they are used to assess socially sensitive or stigmatized issues. This concern has led to the recent development of indirect, non-reactive measures of attitudes in psychology. These implicit measures of attitudes tend to reveal automatic, impulsive mental processes, whereas the self-report measures tap conscious, reflective processes (F. Strack & R. Deutsch, 2004). In this paper, we demonstrate how response latency-based measures can be used to investigate attitudes toward gambling. We report findings of our empirical study, in which evaluative priming (Fazio et al., 1995) and the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT; Karpinski & Steinman, 1996) were used to assess implicit attitudes toward gambling, and the Single Target IAT was adapted to assess implicit arousal-sedation associations of gambling. With a sample of 102 undergraduate students, we found that latency-based measures of attitudes toward gambling were not significantly correlated with self-report measures. Moderate-to-high-risk gamblers held more positive attitudes toward gambling in the SC-IAT and exhibited more positive and more negative attitudes toward gambling in the evaluative priming task than did low-risk gamblers.

 
10.  Bingo playing and problem gambling: A review of our current knowledge
  Author: Moubarac, Jean-Claude; Shead, N. Will; Derevensky, Jeffrey
  Source: Journal of Gambling Issues
  Description:
  Bingo has a long history as a popular gambling game. Previous research on bingo has been almost exclusively limited to qualitative research. Consequently, little is known about the prevalence of bingo playing, the potential risks associated with regular bingo playing, and its possible influence on the development of problem gambling. The present paper provides a review of the literature on bingo in Western countries using published articles focused on bingo and reports of broad-based gambling surveys containing data on bingo participation. Available data show relatively high rates of past-year bingo participation among adolescents. Within the adult population, females and individuals in poor health reported the highest bingo participation rates. Three general groups of bingo players were identified: low-income individuals, seniors, and young adults. It is argued that although bingo is generally viewed by the public as a “soft” form of gambling, it has the potential to lead to significant problems.

 
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